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Tinjauan Sabar Versi Imam Al-Ghazali



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Akhlak sabar (al-akhlaq al-shabr) dibutuh kan dalam dua kondisi kehidupan. Pertama, kondisi yang sesuai dengan harapan seperti menerima nikmat, bahagia, kaya, sejahtera, suka, dan seterusnya. Kedua, kondisi yang tidak sesuai dengan harapan seperti ditimpa musibah dan penderitaan , susah, miskin, sengsara, duka nestapa dan seterusnya. Berdasarkan perbedaan ini, maka Imam al-Ghazali membedakan nama (istilah) sabar sesuai dengan peristiwanya. Namun demikian, bermacam istilah, tetap termasuk dalam kerangka sabar (al-shabr).

Imam al-Ghazali berkata: Apabila sabar melawan nafsu perut dan nafsu biologis disebut al-‘iffah. Sabar (al-shabr) menghadapi kondisi yang tidak disukai nama sabar (al-shabr) berbeda sesuai dengan kondisinya:
Sabar terhadap musibah dan penderitaan disebut al-shabr antonimnya al-hal’u wa al-jaz’u,
sabar dalam kondisi kaya disebut dhabth al-nafs antonimnya al-bathr,
  sabar menghadapi perang disebut al-syaja’ah antonimnya al-jabn
sabar mengendalikan emosi disebut al-hilm antonimnya al-tazammur,
sabar menghadapi masa sulit disebut sa’at al-shabr antonimnya al-dhajr wa al-tabarrum wa dhayyiq al-shadr,
  sabar mengendalikan lisan disebut kitman al-sirr dan pelakunya disebut katum,
  sabar dalam kemewahan disebut al-zuhd antonimnya al-hirsh,
 sabar menghadapi sedikit keberun- tungan (qadr yasir min al-khuthuth) disebut al-qanaah antonimnya al-syarrah.
   Mayoritas etika keimanan terga- bung dalam sabar (al-Shabr).
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