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Civilna družba

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          Izraz civilna družba je najprej uporabil škotski filozof Adam Ferguson. Izraz civilna družba se uporablja za prikaz mestnih ljudi, ki jih je dotaknil napredna civilizacija, civilizirano družbo, ki se razlikuje od notranjih skupnosti, ki se niso dotaknile napredka.
Kot pravi Patrick (2001), je civilna družba koncept, katerega pomen je mogoče razpravljati, kljub temu, da ga je več krogov uporabljalo že pred 300 leti. Kebannyakan strokovnjaki pa se strinjajo, da je izraz civilna družba povezan s socialnimi interakcijami, ki jih država ne nadzira. Poleg tega se izrazi uporabniki na splošno strinjajo, da je civilna družba kompleksna mreža prostovoljno oblikovanih organizacij, ki se razlikuje od državnih institucij.
Kot medagencijsko omrežje, ločeno od države, vendar ob upoštevanju veljavne zakonodaje, je civilna družba javna domena, ki jo ustvarijo in upravljajo navadni državljani (ne vladni uradniki).
Mohammad U.S. Hikam (1996: 3) opredeljuje civilno družbo kot področje družbenega življenja, ki je med drugim organizirano in karakterizirano: prostovoljno, samoupravno in samonosilno, visoka neodvisnost v prisotnosti države in navezanost na normo - normalne ali pravne vrednote, ki jim sledijo njeni državljani. Civilna družba se manifestira v organizacijah, ki jih ustvarijo ljudje zunaj države.
Lary Diamond (2003) trdi, da civilna družba obsega odprto, prostovoljno, samo-rojeno, organizirano družabno življenje, vsaj deloma delno, samostojno od države in vezano na pravni red ali skupen niz vrednot.
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